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After 25 years of expansion and liberalisation in the post-war period, social security policies in industrial countries have been encountering stresses and strains in the 1970s and 1980s in an environment of slower economic growth, concern over inflation and high unemployment. This has led to intensified controversy between conservatives, who blame economic instability on the generosity of the welfare state and liberals who defend the role of social security programmes in contributing to economic stability and preventing people from falling into poverty. The discussion focuses on questions such as the relative merits of earnings-related, income-tested and universal benefits; who bears the financial burden; and the impact of social security benefits on incentives to work. Among the controversial issues receiving considerable attention are the arguments over the persistence of high unemployment in Western Europe, the attacks on 'entitlements' that benefit the middle class and the growing problem of disadvantaged youth, especially in the ghetto areas of large cities in some of the Western European countries and in the United States.

Social security --- Sécurité sociale --- AA / International- internationaal --- 368.43 --- 332.832 --- 336.024 --- 368.40 --- 09.11. --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Sociale verzekering Meerdere landen --- Sécurité sociale --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development --- #A9101 --- Sociale verzekering ; Meerdere landen --- pays industrialises --- securite sociale --- 09.11 --- geindustrialiseerde landen --- sociale zekerheid --- Social security law --- Social security. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics

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Droit international --- Droit social --- Internationaal recht --- Sociaal recht --- Sociale zekerheid --- Sécurité sociale --- 368.4.04 --- 349EU.3 --- 368EU.4 --- 349.3 <100> --- 331.91 --- #A9411A --- 09.12. --- sociale zekerheid, wetgeving --- Sociale verzekering --- Sociale verzekering ; Internationale regelingen --- Sociale verzekering ; Meerdere landen --- 368.4 Sociale verzekering --- AA / International- internationaal --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.50 --- Academic collection --- 368.4 --- 368.40 --- 351.84 --- 349.1 --- 351.83 --- sociaal recht --- securite sociale --- europees gemeenschapsrecht --- internationaal recht --- 09.11. --- 351.84 Sociaal zekerheidsrecht. Sociaal bestuursrecht. R.S.Z.--(sociale verzekering zie {369}) --- Sociaal zekerheidsrecht. Sociaal bestuursrecht. R.S.Z.--(sociale verzekering zie {369}) --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Sociale wetgeving. --- droit social --- sociale zekerheid --- droit communautaire europeen --- droit international --- Social security law --- Europe --- Social security --- Law and legislation --- 09.12 --- 09.11 --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Sociale wetgeving

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Public economics --- Social policy --- Economics --- Economie politique --- Politique sociale --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- France --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Social service --- -330.1 <44> --- 364.05 <44> --- 331 <44> --- 368 <44> --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 336.024 --- 202 --- 368.40 --- 332.630 --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Sociale organisatie. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- -Social policy --- -Economic aspects. --- Economics. --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Conditions économiques --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- 330.1 <44> --- Sociale organisatie --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- Social policy - Economic aspects --- Social service - Economic aspects --- France - Social policy - Economic aspects --- France - Economic conditions - 1945 --- -Economics